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The phenomenon of fortified churches in Southern Transylvania is unique within the context of European architecture due to the large number of structures and diverse architectural solutions implemented during their construction. It is estimated that about 300 fortresses existed.
Protection against invasions of migratory people was the main reason behind the construction of such a large number of fortified churches.
Biertan, Romania
Initially, protection measures were primitive and included mainly deep ditches, filled or not filled with water, and earthen and wooden fences.
Between the 14th and 16th centuries, the Saxon communities of Southern Transylvania built small, but strongly fortified, citadels around their churches as the church was generally the most durable and strategically positioned building in the area.
In addition to the bell tower, various craftsmen constructed other towers and were tasked with the duty to protect it during the times of need and danger. Guard towers, including shooting crenels were also constructed within overall fortifications.
Homorod, Romania
These Transylvanian villages with their fortified churches provide a vivid picture of the cultural landscape of southern Transylvania. Among them, seven villages (Biertan , Viscri, Valea Viilor , Prejmer , Darjiu, Saschiz, Calnic) were inscribed on UNESCO World Heritage List.
Mosna
The fortress-church is situated in the center of village. The first church, an Early-Gothic basilica, was erected at the beginning of the 13th century.
Biertan
This heavily fortified church sits on a hilltop in the center of Biertan village. The church was mentioned for the first time in 1402; most likely a Gothic basilica, it was completely demolished.
Medias
The largest and the oldest fortified church in Romania, giving rise to the church’s “caste” moniker, was raised at Medias in the 15th century.
Prejemer
The fortified church in Prejmer is widely considered as the most powerful peasant fortification in medieval Transylvania, the fortress encompassing the church in Prejmer was built between the 15th and the 16th centuries.
Harman
The powerful peasant fortress in Harman was built around a former basilica recorded for the first time in a royal document dating from around 1420.
Axente Sever
This small fortified church is situated in the center of Axente Sever village at a crossroad of the main street. The central element of the monument is a tower...
Valea Viilor
This fortified church is situated in the center of the village. The first church was most likely a Gothic basilica erected in the early 14th century.
Protection against invasions of migratory people was the main reason behind the construction of such a large number of fortified churches.
Biertan, Romania
Initially, protection measures were primitive and included mainly deep ditches, filled or not filled with water, and earthen and wooden fences.
Between the 14th and 16th centuries, the Saxon communities of Southern Transylvania built small, but strongly fortified, citadels around their churches as the church was generally the most durable and strategically positioned building in the area.
In addition to the bell tower, various craftsmen constructed other towers and were tasked with the duty to protect it during the times of need and danger. Guard towers, including shooting crenels were also constructed within overall fortifications.
Homorod, Romania
These Transylvanian villages with their fortified churches provide a vivid picture of the cultural landscape of southern Transylvania. Among them, seven villages (Biertan , Viscri, Valea Viilor , Prejmer , Darjiu, Saschiz, Calnic) were inscribed on UNESCO World Heritage List.
Mosna
The fortress-church is situated in the center of village. The first church, an Early-Gothic basilica, was erected at the beginning of the 13th century.
Biertan
This heavily fortified church sits on a hilltop in the center of Biertan village. The church was mentioned for the first time in 1402; most likely a Gothic basilica, it was completely demolished.
Medias
The largest and the oldest fortified church in Romania, giving rise to the church’s “caste” moniker, was raised at Medias in the 15th century.
Prejemer
The fortified church in Prejmer is widely considered as the most powerful peasant fortification in medieval Transylvania, the fortress encompassing the church in Prejmer was built between the 15th and the 16th centuries.
Harman
The powerful peasant fortress in Harman was built around a former basilica recorded for the first time in a royal document dating from around 1420.
Axente Sever
This small fortified church is situated in the center of Axente Sever village at a crossroad of the main street. The central element of the monument is a tower...
Valea Viilor
This fortified church is situated in the center of the village. The first church was most likely a Gothic basilica erected in the early 14th century.
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