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[DaoiCarpates]

The rustic architecture, which is the most complete, the most expressive creation of the old rural societies, reveals the way of living, the technical, social and spiritual acts of these societies. Building itself as a sign of human presence in nature, as an expression of man’s inner universe, the architecture shows the individuality of the community, revealing simultaneously its social command, the technical and material possibilities and last, but not least, its degree of artistic sensitivity.




1. Bogdan Vodă (Maramureș) 2. Moișeni (Satu Mare) 3. Alejd (Bihor) 4. Sălciua (Alba) 5. Chereluș (Arad) 6. Cîmpu lui Neag (Hunedoara) 7. Bran (Brașov) 8. Curtișoara (Gorj) 9. Măldărești (Vâlcea) 10. Plopi (Mehedinți) 11. Cuciulata (Brașov) 12. Rădești (Alba) 13. Șanț (Bistrița-Năsăud) 14. Viștea (Brașov) 15. Moșoaia (Argeș) 16. Stănești (Argeș) 17. Trăisteni (Prahova) 18. Cobia de Sus (Dâmbovița) 19. Periș (Ilfov) 20. Dragalina (Ialomița) 21. Rușețu (Buzău) 22. Chiojdu (Buzău) 23. Curteni (Vaslui) 24. Năruja (Vrancea) 25. Piatra Șoimului (Neamț) 26. Hangu (Neamț) 27. Voitinel (Suceava) 28. Oltina (Constanta)


1. Bogdan Voda (Maramureș).


2. Moișeni (Satu Mare).


3. Alejd (Bihor).


4. Sălciua (Alba).


5. Chereluș (Arad).


6. Cîmpu lui Neag (Hunedoara).


7. Bran (Brașov).


8. Curtișoara (Gorj).


9. Măldărești (Vâlcea).


10. Plopi (Mehedinți).


11. Ciuciulata (Brașov).


12. Rădești (Alba).


13. Șanț (Bistrița-Năsăud).


14. Viștea (Brașov).


15. Moșoaia (Argeș).


16. Stănești (Argeș).


17. Trăisteni (Prahova).


18. Cobia de Sus (Dâmbovița).


19. Periș (Ilfov).


20. Dragalina (Ialomița).


21. Rușețu (Buzău).


22. Chiojdu (Buzău)


23. Curteni (Vaslui).


24. Naruja (Vrancea)


25. Piatra Șoimului (Neamț).


26. Naruja (Vrancea)


27. Voitinel (Suceava).


28. Oltina (Constanța)

Presenting significant clues to outline the frame of the daily life and the way of providing a lasting and permanent shelter (characteristic for the sedentary populations), the rustic homes are looked upon as a research material, particularly interesting and useful for archaeologists, historians, ethnographers and architects.
The essential characteristics of the Romanian rustic architecture are the functionality, the adequacy of the purpose and of the accomplishing means, the measure and the harmony in settling the décor and the proportions, the expressivity, the integration in the scenery. All of these give unity to the whole thing, personalizing at the same time the achievements of our rustic architecture. We mention below several aspects of general order that can be seen in all the regions of the country (with some exceptions, of course, exceptions determined by the local social-economical conditions).


Section of a rustic traditional house from Maramures.

The first thing that is pointed out is the isolated position of the house, its position towards the other annexed buildings from the house-hold, the ordering in the scheme of the living rooms which are grouped along an axe that shows the orientation direction of the windows and the accesses of the house (East, South, South-East).
The accomplishing uniformity of the homes may be found in the structure uniformity of the dwelling organization, in forms specific to any kind of plan. The privacy and the warmth of the inner rooms (particularities that are defining for the environment of the rustic houses all over the country) can be achieved through a various and rich inventory of textiles, furniture and ceramics, paintings on wood and glass, rustic costumes, items for home usage. The reduced height of the rooms and the ceilings with visible girders are also specific to Romanian rustic houses.


A traditional farmyard - Maramures. On the right is the barn built of logs and still with a shingle roof. On the left is the small wood shed and beside it a secondary dwelling.

The rooms, so well balanced and harmonious, aren’t isolated at all from the outside, on the contrary, because of the verandah they are always opened to it. Original architecture element and specific to Romanian rustic architecture, the verandah (prispa) is low or high, situated on one side of the house or on _ of house, with or without a balcony, it dominates and determines the position of the facades, assuring the fluency of the inside and outside spaces (of the house).


A traditional farmyard - Bucovina. Around the yard are placed the summer kitchen, the barn and stable, and the main house.

Using natural resources-their joining and structure way together with the pure geometric forms of the volume of the walls and roofs, the subtle dosage of the shadow and the light, the harmonic chromatics- all these characteristics are elements in tight relationship with the nature. The houses, the house-holds, situated at a certain distance from the road, represent interference points of the natural places with those created by man; they are elements that determined the peasant to make a change in the nature through his creative intervention.


The main room of a traditional house from Bucovina.


The main room of a traditional house from Maramureș.

Сообщение изменено: DaoiCarpates, 02 Февраль 2010 - 15:51.

[Indiana Jones]

Thank you!

[DaoiCarpates]

Organization of the houses from Maramureş


The plan of the house was simple: the older ones had two or three rooms: "tinda", "cămara" (a store room) and "casa", evolving toward the end of the 18th century to the house with several rooms which was very judiciously partitioned.

The walls of the buildings were made of wide thick beams, the oak beams being axe - carved from the wood core and hatchet - finished, while the fir of spruce fir around beams were joined in a Romanian joint ("cheutoare românească") and/or later (in the 19th century) in a German "blockbau" system ("cheutoare nemţească"). The gables joined over the walls supported the roof which was always four-sloped, made of roof boarding covered with shingle or, in some cases, with straw.

If the very old houses (from the 16th-the 17th centuries) had no pillar porch, in the 18th century it became generally used and known as "şatră". It was made of a succession of carved and decorated pillars, tied at the upper side with counter braces ("chituşi"), making up wonderful archways, specific to the region. At the beginning, the porch was built only on the front side of the house. In the 18th century it was also built on the right side and later it was extended on all three sides of the house.


THE INSIDE OF THE HOUSE

The indoor architecture was adapted to the home needs, and also to the aesthetic requirements.Site surveys and archives investigations disclosed the house inside of the 17th and 18th centuries, which was of great importance to the present research stage.



The living room, which in the local language was called "casă" (house), enveloped the domestic universe, corresponding to the aesthetic and pragmatic taste of the woman. The feminine touch was present everywhere, both as concerns the house arrangement, the partition and the designation of some places and objects used in everyday life, and as concerns the practice of various rituals.

The element determining the indoor organization, both at material and ritualistic level, was the main beam ("meştergrinda"). It ran along the house rooms and tied the opposite walls, and by means of the small beams which were equidistantly placed over it, it also tied the side walls and, of course, supported the whole roof structure.

The main beam divided the house into two: on the right, the space for living ("faptele de viaţă") - where the hearth, the oven and the bed were placed; here, under normal conditions, marriage was consummated, life was conceived, people were born and died; on the left, the space for rituals ("faptele de ritual")- where the ceremonies of christening and wedding were performed, the dead body was placed in the coffin on the table and the dead watch and the funeral service were carried out.

The ritual space walls were decorated with friezes consisting of holy icons alternating with beautiful pottery adorned with towels. On the corner, there was the table which had on both sides, along the walls, benches and/or cases arranged at a right angle. Over the bed, on the wall, there was the shelf ("ruda") on which counterpanes, carpets and towels, tablecloths and pillow cases were stored, the layers these objects were laid in having three functions: an aesthetic one (to adorn the inside), a storing one and of displaying the girl's dowry, all in a perfect syncretism. The dish cabinet was behind the door and on the opposite wall there the were the spoon-shelf and the pottery-shelf.
Behind the icons and above the main beam there were boxes with documents and papers, the razor, the Epiphany's cross, sweet basil the child's dried navel kept for the ritual of untying it within the trial of initiation. At the head of the bed, on a bench, the hope chest was placed.

The harmony of the inside was emphasized by the colour of the textile materials and of the objects decorating it.






HOUSE ANNEXES

The traditional house was conceived so that functional quality should prevail. Opposite the house, which was facing the sunrise or the east, there were the stable and the barn, the pig stays (all in the cattle pen); on one side there was the shed for the cart, wood and agricultural tools; the shadoof or wheel well was usually placed in the garden. The corn sheds and, of course, the sheds for the technical devices necessary in the house, such as: the hammer or screw oil presses ("uleiniţe cu berbeci sau cu şurub"), the hand-operated grinding mill (from the plain ones to those fitted witch mechanical systems), the wood lathe, the thresher (in some cases), they all were basic components of the agricultural and shepherd life. In the garden, at the back of the house, there were the corn stacks, haystacks, corn cobs, the stacks ("pari") for lucerne or clover drying, the hay bushel ("oborocul") and also the pits for beet, potatoes and apples. At the back of the garden, isolated, there was the privy.



The house with double yard specific to the agricultural and shepherd life was also typical of this region.



Gates were considered to have a cultural role, providing the regional identity, which was incontestably that of Maramureş. Some time ago the gate was the social mark of its owner. It separated the holy space of the house from the outside space, the peasants from Maramureş being proud of it. If present-day gates are over-adorned with various decoration motifs and sometimes even over-sized, the gates restored and preserved in the museum are of the classical type, having the ideal sizes, and the suitable decoration.



Losing their initial significance, the motifs carved were transferred from the magical and mythical level to the artistic, aesthetic level. On the gate-pillars the tree of life ("pomul vieţii") prevailed as a symbol of life without death, solar and star emblems, Christian marks, but also the cock and the snake or anthropomorphic figures, all being the expression of deep encoded beliefs lost in immemorial times. The name of the owner and the date of gate building was frequently written on the upper threshold of the gate. And sometimes even the name of the artisan was engraved in a hidden place.

Source

[DaoiCarpates]

Сообщение изменено: DaoiCarpates, 24 Январь 2010 - 12:30.

[DaoiCarpates]

Multimedia museum

[DaoiCarpates]

Village Museum in Baia Mare

[Skalagrim]

DaoiCarpates, большое спасибо! Очень хороший материал. Поражён на сколько схоже народное зодчество Европы. Много знакомых элементов и композиций.

[DaoiCarpates]

Farmstead from Mărişel (Cluj County)

- specific to Mocănime of the Apuseni Mountains area
- farmstead with simple yard characteristic for dispersed dwellings where the main occupations were animal breeding and wood processing. It is made of:
- house with mill (early XXth century), living room, pantry, front side verandah
- oil mill and press
- stable and monumental shed
- fence of "răzlogi" and "vramniţă"


Farmstead


Stable and shed


Farmstead


House


House interior


House interior


Pigsty


Whirlpool


Mill


Mill


Oil mill


Oil press

[DaoiCarpates]

Farmstead from Almaş (Arad County)

- specific to the Zarand Country ethnographic region (fruit growing area)
- farmstead with enclosed yard, characteristic for the in-line dwellings (organized through administrative arrangements)
- yard enclosed by the house and the attached buildings, for saving the plot
- house (dated 1882) with two living rooms, entrance hall and front side verandah
- heating system: blind stove with the hearth in the hall
- beds covered with "lepedeu"(bed with "corlan")
- "summer" kitchen, "colnă", pantry
- "colnă" for the marc containers, "ţuică" (traditional Romanian drink)
- shed with stable, pantry, pigsty
- oven for drying fruits in the orchard of the farmstead
- high gate, wheel well


Gate


Gate


House


House interior


Detail


Hall


Hall


Living room


Room


Summer kitchen


Yard


Stable and pigsty


Oven for drying fruits


"Colnă" for the marc containers


Well

[DaoiCarpates]

Farmstead from Galda de Sus (Alba County)

- end of XVIIIth century
- specific to the ethnographic area Alba Vineyard (vine area)
- farmstead with simple yard, characteristic to dispersed dwellings
- house with two rooms, two pantries, three sides verandah and cellar. Inscription on the stone frame of the cellar: "RENOVATA ANNO 1778 PETRUS PREJA"
- bed with "corlan" in the clean room
- heat system: open hearth with "ploatăn"
- bread oven in the hall.
- shed with stable
- haystack "in furci" for keeping the fodder
- pantry , "colnă" , pigsties
- wine press, dated 1826 in the vineyard; the bottom stone comes from a Roman Sarcophagus
- high gate with dovecot with the inscription: "ORO LABORO SPERO", "CURAVIT FIERI PETRUS PREJA ANNO DOMINI 1781 DIE 8 MAI"
- fence of "răzlogi", dated 1880; hurdle and wooden fence
- draw well


Gate


Gate


Farmstead


Hall


Interior


Interior


Shed with stable


Pigsty


Haystack


Well

[DaoiCarpates]

Farmstead from Geaca (Cluj County)

- second part of XIXth century
- characteristic to the Transylvanian Plain
- farmstead with simple yard, characteristic to dispersed dwellings
- house with living room, entrance hall and two sides verandah
- bread oven in hall
- open hearth with "ploatăn" in the room
- shed for threshing
- characteristic to farming areas
- stable for animals
- pantry for farming products
- "potatoes hole"
- two pigsties
- "coştei" (wattling) for storing corn
- draw well


General view


House


Hall


Interior


Interior


Shed for threshing


"Coştei" (wattling) for storing corn

[DaoiCarpates]

Farmstead from Telciu (Bistriţa-Năsăud County)

- characteristic to Năsăud Country ethnographic area
- farmstead with simple yard
- house with living room, entrance hall, pantry and two sides verandah - (dated 1841)
- bread oven with hearth in the room
- traditional manner of making bench ("laviţe pe butuci")
- "rudă" - complex arrangement of wool fabric on one side of the bed; "pots on the girder" - gifts from the Godsons
- shed with two stables and "colnă" for means of transport
- oil mill
- haystack
- pigsties
- high gate and wooden fir-tree fence
- wheel well


Gate


House


Pigsty


Haystack


Shed and stables

[DaoiCarpates]

Farmstead from Bedeciu (Cluj County)

- beginning of XIXth century
- characteristic to Călata Depression area
- farmstead with simple yard, characteristic for dispersed dwellings
- house with living room, entrance hall and front side verandah, brought from a joinery centre that made about 100 houses a year
- bread oven and "ploatăn" with "băbătie" that protects the roof against sparks
- shed with stable and "colniţă"
- pantry - "colnă", pigsties
- hen coop
- short gate and fence of "cepuri" (vertical wattle)
- draw well


Gate


House


Interior


Interior


Pantry and pigsty


Shed


Hen house

[DaoiCarpates]

Farmstead from Berbeşti (Maramureş County)

- characteristic to Maramureş area
- double yard farmstead (house yard, animal yard), dated 1795
- house with entrance hall, living room, pantry, front side verandah and apiary
- wood wall unplastered inside
- oven with "prichici"
- "laviţe pe butuci"
- "rudă" on two sides of the bed
- pantry in the house yard
- wheel well
- high covered gate and wattle (house yard)
- "colnă" for means of transport (house yard)
- shed with two stables (animal yard), dated 1896
- haystack with fixed roof (animal yard)
- haystack with mobile roof (animal yard)
- pigsty (animal yard)
- draw well, dated 1927 (animal yard)
- high gate (animal yard)


Gate


General view


House


Interior


Interior


Pantry


Pantry interior


Colnă


Stable with shed


Bee house


Haystack


Haystack with mobile roof


Wheel well


"Coştei" (wattling) for storing corn


Pigsty

[DaoiCarpates]

Farmstead from Casin Imper (Harghita County

- characteristic to Szeklers ethnographic area
- simple yard farmstead
- house with three rooms (the grandparents' room, the parents' room, the girl's corner), dated 1678
- open hearth "cu cujbă"
- painted furniture
- shed with stable and haystack
- "summer" kitchen
- draw well
- high gate with dovecot, wooden fence


Gate


House


Interior


Interior


Interior


Stable with shed


"Cuptoriştea"


Pigsty

[DaoiCarpates]

The Traditional Homestead

When visiting for the first time a region, the tourists’ expectations are to benefit of good services, find suitable accommodation, and enjoy the picturesque landscape. In order to learn about the most interesting material and spiritual goods of the local people they will certainly plan to visit the existing museums.

Those who come to Maramureş will be surprised to discover that almost each village is in itself a living museum, populated with people whose life unfolds quite naturally among the “exhibits”. Each settlement seems to be a “village museum”, with unpaved lanes, guarded on either side by farmhouses and outbuildings made entirely of wood – genuine monuments of folk art and architecture.

The traditional homestead in Maramureş bears the specific local stamp (as concerns materials, architecture, and ornaments); it is a brand due to its originality and unique character in comparison with “reservations” of this type from other regions. And it will continue to be a brand when the rural traditionalism disintegrates in the future (as certain tendencies already predict), and the tourists will admire these homesteads only in the enclosures of specialized open-air-museums.



The traditional farmhouse and the associate buildings were usually placed on two or three sides of the farmyard forming an architectural whole. Everything, from the base to the shingle roof, was made exclusively of wood.

Ethnologist Francisc Nistor (1977) writes that the buildings of the homestead are arranged according to precise rules which take into consideration first of all functionality, and it is the arrangement of the buildings that creates the architectural complex with an evident aesthetic effect.

For those who would like to approach with empathy this ethnographic micro-universe of Maramureş, we will offer some technical, descriptive details and refer to the function of each component part of the homestead.

The farmhouse has always had an ordering function, the outbuildings being disposed in accord with it.

The barn and the stable become a complex construction only if the farmer’s social and economic status allows it. The wooden structure is always set on river boulders (or from a stone quarry), and the roof has invariably in four slopes.

The stable floor is made of thick wooden beams and the loft is placed only above the lateral compartments of the barn.

The barns have usually monumental doors so that a cart stacked with hay could freely pass. The barn serves also for storing tools and agricultural equipment: pitchforks, rakes, ploughs, harrows, yokes, accessories of the cart, and the vessels in which the fruit collected during the summer or autumn are fermented, becoming the raw material for the twice distilled alcoholic beverage called “horinca de Maramureş”.



The shed is a wooden construction made of four poles joined with oak twigs and covered with a two-sloping roof. It is used to store fire wood, the log for cutting wood, but also the cart, tools and agricultural equipment.

The hay store is made of four, about 7 meter long, wooden poles, joined on the upper and lower parts with square wooden bars. The roof has the form of a pyramid and slides up and down the poles according to the quantity of the hay. It is interesting that ethnologists have found such constructions (hay stores with sliding roofs) also in Nordic countries. For instance, in Holland they have the same structure as those in Maramureş (P. Petrescu, 1969).

The wickerwork maize shed has trapezoidal form and is made of woven hazel or cornel wickers. The roof has four slopes and is made of twice fixed shingles.

The larder is used for storing foodstuffs and household objects. It has the form of a miniature (mono-cellular) house, with a porch, a door, but has no lateral windows.



On a homestead you can find one or two square draw-wells, set with round river boulders, either with a shadoof (usually), or a lifting wheel. There are also wells that are used by two households.

The traditional fences surrounding the farm are made of wickerwork (in the form of a braid or crown) and are covered with hay and shingle.

[DaoiCarpates]

Muzeul Tehnicii Populare from Sibiu

[Indiana Jones]

DaoiCarpates

Oh, big thanks!
It is great!

[Брут]

Do you have any information about the types of houses,which were spread in the territory of Romania about 1500-2000 years ago?What archeological cultures had the houses,which were the ancestors of Romanian traditional houses?

[DaoiCarpates]

Do you have any information about the types of houses,which were spread in the territory of Romania about 1500-2000 years ago?What archeological cultures had the houses,which were the ancestors of Romanian traditional houses?

There was a site about the houses Dacians had, but it's not working any more...

I'll try to translate from what I've posted on another site.

[DaoiCarpates]

The planimetric and volumetric typology of rural housing has been set since the Neolithic...


Tangiru, Giurgiu county - middle Neolithic, ca. 4200-3500 BC - Boian culture, Vidra phase
Megaron type dwelling due to the arrangement of the semi-open spaces on the short side of the building.


Ariușd, Covasna county - late Neolithic, ca. 3500-2500 BC - Ariușd-Cucuteni culture
Megaron type dwelling


Petru-Rareș, Giurgiu county - end of the middle Neolithic - transition phase from Boian culture to Gumelnița
The dwelling has its porch on the long side, facing south, while to the north it has a shelter for animals. This distribution will later appear in the rural architecture.


Vădastra, Dolj county - middle Neolithic, ca. 4200-3500 BC - Vădastra culture, Vădastra II phase


Hăbășești, Iași county - late Neolithic, ca. 3500-2500 BC - Cucuteni A culture

Legend:
- Walls made of trellis coated with yellow earth found "in situ"
- Hypothetical route of the wall
- Traces of poles stuck in the ground found "in situ"
- Hypothetical position of poles
- Hearths

Source

Сообщение изменено: DaoiCarpates, 21 Февраль 2010 - 15:03.

[DaoiCarpates]

Megaron Temple






Sălacea, Bihor county - Bronze Age, c. 1800-1600 BC - Otomani culture

Edifices from the Bronze Age use the same volumetric, planimetry and structural solutions used in the Neolithic. In this period the prototype is the Megaron type sanctuary, found in religious architecture of the previous stages.

The sanctuary from Sălacea is composed, from a planimetric point of view, of three functional areas making up two well-defined spaces: the area that links with the outside, materialised through the semi-open space of the porch, placed between the pilasters on the north-western side, at the sanctuary's entrance and two areas for carrying out the ritual, arranged in enfilade, forming a well-defined closed space. The first area of the closed space, next to the entrance, acts as a lobby, being separated from the other area by a bump of 10 cm and is the place where vessels with offerings were placed, being a sort of small shrine. The second area, sheltering two shrines of remarkable dimensions, it's the place for the ritual ceremony. The architectural effect resulted from the arrangement of structural elements in two rows of interior columns and by articulating the functional areas and gradation of the space is remarkable.


Fragments of the ornamented panels adjacent to the altars

Structurally, the edifice uses traditional constructive elements perpetuated from the Neolithic: beaten clay floor, walls made of a wooden frame coated with clay, roof rafters covered with vegetation. The innovation consists of two rows of interior columns arranged parallel to the edifice's longitudinal axis, which supported the roof using the trabeated system known from the Neolithic. Beside supporting the roof, the poles also divided the interior space in three naves with distinct functional roles.

The edifice's monumentality and interior environment were underlined by the existence of decorative wall panels, arranged adjacent to the two main altars. Continuing the Neolithic tradition, the decorations from Sălacea, relief made by shaping and incising the clay paste with geometric polychrome motifs, represent an obvious evolution in this field. On one hand, an ornamental repertoire with geometric elements such as the rhombus, triangle and double or simple spirals is crystallised, and on the other an execution technology based on the direct moulding of the clay paste on site is being contoured.

The use of adobe bricks for the base of the north-eastern wall and for the porche's pilasters is also worth mentioning since this shows that the use of ceramic blocks has extended to walls as well.

The architectural characteristics of the sanctuary from Sălacea fit between the parameters of Mediterranean architecture and are the proof of an obvious evolution of the local architecture.

Following the Neolithic tradition of rural sanctuaries that adapted the planimetry and volumetry of the homes to the ritualistic functions, the sanctuary from Sălacea is individualised by the two rows of columns that announce the columns of Dacian temples that will appear later on. Also, the similarity between the sanctuary and a series of wooden churches from the plain regions is a proof that the architectural repertoire of the rural buildings of worship are perennial.

Source

Сообщение изменено: DaoiCarpates, 25 Февраль 2010 - 07:42.

[DaoiCarpates]

Dacian dwellings 1


Slimnic, Sibiu county, 1st c. AD


Popești, Giurgiu county, 1st c. BC - 1st c. AD


Grădiștea Muncelului (Sarmizegetusa), Hunedoara county, 1st c. AD

The Geto-Dacian dwellings from the 2nd century BC to the 1st century AD (the Classical period) evolve and diversify compared with those of prior periods. The traditional construction system is kept: vertical support elements consisting of wooden posts embedded in soil, between the posts a filling consisting of twigs that form a reinforcement of the wall, coating of clay. This system is used for surface as well as for sunken or bellow-ground dwellings. It's used for rectangular buildings as well as circular or apsidal ones.

The dwellings in the Carpatho-Danubian-Pontic area begin to individualise, moving away from the original Megaron type. This differentiation is due to moving it's point of focus from the short side to the long one, which becomes the edifice's main façade. This focus point is marked by the arrangement of the entrance and/or semi-open spaces.

The edifices are either rectangular with a gable or hip roof or circular with a conical roof. The apsidal forms are a transition from the circular to the rectangular type. The plans are usually monocellular or bicellular, but we sometimes see more complex planimetric divisions, with three or more rooms.

Сообщение изменено: DaoiCarpates, 21 Февраль 2010 - 07:12.

[Брут]

Or,thank You very much!It seems to me,that traditional Romanian houses can be divided at least into 2 types.The first type is the clay houses,which also have wood coloumns,like this



.They are spread in the plain regions.And their ancectors were Daco-Thracian houses.
Another type of houses are log cabins,which are spread in the Carpathian and North-Western region,like this



This type of house could be arise by the synthesis of the log cabins of Slavs,who migrated in first millenium,and the houses of Daco-Thracians.The Daco-Slavic mix-it is the Ipoteşti-Cândeşti-Ciurel culture.

[DaoiCarpates]

Yes, in the forested areas (mostly in the mountains) the houses were built using a lot of wood, while in the plain regions they used mostly clay. Also, in hilly areas the houses had high foundations like this one:



Also, in Muntenia and Oltenia there are fortified houses:

Сообщение изменено: DaoiCarpates, 21 Февраль 2010 - 15:55.

[DaoiCarpates]

Dacian dwellings 2


Arpașul de Sus, Sibiu county, 1st c. BC - 1st c. AD


Grădiștea Muncelului (Sarmizegetusa), Hunedoara county, 1st c. AD


Grădiștea Muncelului (Sarmizegetusa), Hunedoara county, 1st c. BC - 1st c. AD


Luncani-Piatra Roșie, Hunedoara county, 1st-2nd c. AD

The construction system with wooden soles placed on stone foundations is attested with certainty in the case of Dacian architecture. The discovery of stone foundations that support the wooden structure of the walls, the existence of tools that allowed to make the joints specific to this constructive type, the in situ identification of diaphragms from prismatic beams, placed horizontally and smoothed at the ends, as well as the images of Dacian dwellings from Trajan's Column, certify the use of dwellings with walls made of horizontal or vertical wooden beams, supported on soles, with stone foundations. This constructive system, specific, especially, to surface dwellings, predominant in the era, corresponds, planimetrically, to the rectangular type with one or more rooms. The use of this type of constructions, with wooden walls on soles, is conceivable, especially in areas with high and richly wooded terrain.

The phenomenon of regionalisation of dwelling models depending on the terrain and the variety and particularity of building materials is triggered in this period. The process will continue in the following stages, leading to the crystallisation of dwellings morphologically differentiated from area to area with a high economic and constructive efficiency coefficient and with an obvious volumetric, planimetric and decorative variety, representing the embryo of the regional specificity of the traditional architecture.

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Сообщение изменено: DaoiCarpates, 24 Август 2010 - 08:12.